Ana Sayfa · C1 Advanced · Ünite 03
Ünite 03
Reported Questions & Reporting Verbs
admit, deny, recommend, suggest
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Dolaylı sorular ve aktarma fiilleri: soru devrikliği kaybolur (where she lives), ve her fiil belirli bir kalıp alır (suggest + -ing, advise + to).
Odak: Aktarmada Fiil Kalıpları
Bu ünite "say" ve "tell" fiillerinin ötesine geçerek aktarma fiillerinin tamamını ve en önemlisi her birinin aldığı dilbilgisel kalıbı ele alır. Doğru fiili ve doğru kalıbı seçmek temel bir C1 becerisidir.
Dolaylı Sorular — Sözcük Sırası
Dolaylı sorularda sözcük sırası olağan düzene döner (devrik yapı olmaz), soru işareti kullanılmaz ve do/does/did kullanılmaz.
- ❌ She asked where did I go. → ✅ She asked where I went.
| Tür | Doğrudan | Dolaylı |
|---|---|---|
| Evet/Hayır | "Do you like coffee?" | She asked if/whether I liked coffee. |
| Wh- | "Where do you live?" | She asked where I lived. |
| Geçmiş | "Why did he leave?" | She asked why he had left. |
Aktarma Fiillerinden Sonra Gelen Beş Kalıp
| Kalıp | Örnek | Kullanım |
|---|---|---|
| fiil + that cümleciği | He explained that he was busy. | Bilgi aktarma |
| fiil + nesne + to-mastar | She told me to wait. | Talimat / tavsiye |
| fiil + -ing | He admitted breaking the rule. | Eylemleri aktarma |
| fiil + edat + -ing | She apologized for being late. | Kibar aktarım |
| fiil + nesne + edat + -ing | They accused him of stealing. | Suçlama / itham |
İşlevlerine Göre Aktarma Fiilleri
| İşlev | Fiiller | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Düz cümle | say, explain, claim, mention, add | He claimed that he didn't know. |
| Soru | ask, wonder, inquire, want to know | She wondered where we were going. |
| Rica/Emir | ask, tell, order, remind, encourage | They encouraged me to try again. |
| Öneri/Tavsiye | suggest, recommend, advise, warn | She advised us to wait. |
| Söz verme/Reddetme | promise, offer, agree, refuse, threaten | He refused to cooperate. |
| Kabul etme/İnkâr etme | admit, deny, confess | He denied breaking the rule. |
| Özür/Suçlama | apologize for, accuse of, blame for, thank for | She apologized for being late. |
Akılda Tutulması Gereken Zor Kalıplar
| Fiil | Kalıp | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| suggest | suggest + -ing (to DEĞİL) | They suggested going by train. |
| recommend | recommend + -ing | I recommend trying the soup. |
| advise | advise + nesne + to | He advised me to rest. |
| admit / deny | + -ing | She denied taking it. |
| refuse / offer / promise | + to-mastar | He promised to help. |
| accuse | accuse + nesne + of + -ing | They accused him of lying. |
That + (Should) + Fiilin Yalın Hâli ve Aktarma İsimleri
| Kalıp | Örnek |
|---|---|
| insist / recommend / propose / suggest + that + (should) + fiilin yalın hâli | She insisted that he (should) apologise. |
| Aktarma ismi + that cümleciği | His claim that he was innocent was rejected. · the suggestion that we move |
| Kişisel olmayan edilgen yapı | It was alleged that the minister had lied. |
| whether + to | They asked whether to start without him. |
| Resmî soru fiilleri | She enquired / queried whether the fee included VAT. |
Türkçedeki "-ip -mediğini sordu / -mesini önerdi"
| Türkçe | ✅ İngilizce | ❌ Sık yapılan hata |
|---|---|---|
| Toplantının ne zaman başlayacağını sordu. | She asked when the meeting would start. | She asked when would the meeting start. |
| Beklememizi önerdi. | He suggested waiting / suggested that we wait. | He suggested us to wait. |
| Suçsuz olduğu iddiası reddedildi. | His claim that he was innocent was rejected. | His claim which he was innocent... |
| Başlayıp başlamamamız gerektiğini sordular. | They asked whether to start. | They asked if to start. |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
subjectHeverbadmittedverbbreakingobjectthe window.
↳ admit + -ing (bir eylemi aktarma).
subjectTheyverbaccusedobjecthimof cheating.
↳ accuse + nesne + of + -ing (suçlama kalıbı).
subjectSheverbsuggestedverbtakingobjecta break.
↳ suggest + -ing (asla "to" değil).
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
They suggested to go by car.
→
They suggested going by car.
"Suggest" "to" değil -ing alır.
She advised me don't come.
→
She advised me not to come.
advise + nesne + (not) to + fiil.
He asked me where did I go.
→
He asked me where I went.
Dolaylı sorularda devrik yapı / "did" kullanılmaz.
He apologized to be late.
→
He apologized for being late.
apologize + for + -ing.
They accused him to steal.
→
They accused him of stealing.
accuse + nesne + of + -ing.
They asked if to start without him.
→
They asked whether to start without him.
To-mastardan önce → yalnızca whether.
She insisted that he apologises.
→
She insisted that he (should) apologise.
Subjunctive / should + fiilin yalın hâli.