Ana Sayfa · B1 Intermediate · Ünite 14
Ünite 14
Third Conditional
if + past perfect / would have
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Üçüncü koşul; geçmişteki gerçekleşmemiş durumlar ve pişmanlık için (if + past perfect, would have): If I had studied, I would have passed.
Üçüncü Tip Koşul Nedir?
Üçüncü tip koşul (Third Conditional), geçmişteki gerçek dışı ya da varsayımsal durumları, yani GERÇEKLEŞMEMİŞ olayları anlatır. İşlerin nasıl farklı olabileceğine ilişkin pişmanlık, eleştiri ya da hayal bildirmek için kullanılır.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. — (Yeterince çalışmadım; bu hayalî bir durumdur.)
Biçim
| Tür | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | If + Past Perfect, + would have + fiilin 3. hâli | If I had known, I would have called you. |
| Olumsuz | If + hadn't + fiilin 3. hâli, + wouldn't have + fiilin 3. hâli | If she hadn't left early, she wouldn't have missed it. |
| Soru | Would + özne + have + fiilin 3. hâli + if + Past Perfect? | Would you have come if I had invited you? |
Dört Temel Kullanım
| Kullanım | Açıklama | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Gerçek dışı geçmiş | Geçmişte farklı bir sonuç hayal etme | If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. |
| Pişmanlıklar | Farklı olmasını dilediğimiz şeyler | If I had saved money, I would have travelled abroad. |
| Eleştiri / suçlama | Birinin ne yapması gerektiği | If you had listened, this wouldn't have happened. |
| Kibar değerlendirme | Geçmişle ilgili düşünceli bir yorum | It would have been nice if you had come. |
İkinci ve Üçüncü Tip Koşul
| İkinci tip koşul | Üçüncü tip koşul |
|---|---|
| Şimdi ya da gelecekte gerçek dışı | Geçmişte gerçek dışı |
| If + Past Simple → would + fiilin yalın hâli | If + Past Perfect → would have + fiilin 3. hâli |
| If I were rich, I'd buy a car. | If I had been rich, I'd have bought a car. |
| Şu andaki hayalî durum | Gerçekleşmemiş hayalî durum |
Altın Kural — If Cümleciğinde "Would" Kullanılmaz
If cümleciğinde asla "would have" kullanılmaz. If cümleciğinde her zaman Past Perfect (had + fiilin 3. hâli) kullanılır.
| Yanlış ❌ | Doğru ✅ |
|---|---|
| If I would have known, I'd have told you. | If I had known, I'd have told you. |
| If she would have left earlier, she'd have caught it. | If she had left earlier, she'd have caught it. |
Kısaltmalar ve Farklı Kullanımlar
- Konuşmada kısaltılmış biçimler çok yaygındır:
- I 'd have helped you. = I would have helped you.
- If I 'd known, I 'd have told you.
- Would have yerine could have (yetenek) ve might have (olasılık) kullanılabilir:
- If I had known, I could have helped you.
- If he had left earlier, he might have arrived on time.
'd = Had mi Would mu?
Konuşmada 'd, had ya da would anlamına gelebilir. Bir sonraki sözcüğe bakılmalıdır:
| 'd + ... | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 'd + fiilin 3. hâli | had | If I'd known ... (= had known) |
| 'd + have + fiilin 3. hâli | would | ... I'd have told you. (= would have told) |
| 'd + fiilin yalın hâli | would | I'd go if I could. (= would go) |
If It Hadn't Been For...
- If it hadn't been for + isim (... olmasaydı) = bu şey olmasaydı sonuç farklı olurdu: If it hadn't been for your help, I would have failed.
- Minnettarlık ya da rahatlama ifade etme: If you hadn't called the ambulance, he might have died.
- If cümleciği ikinci sırada da gelebilir (virgül kullanılmaz): I would have come if you had asked me.
Türkçedeki "-seydim ... -ırdım"
| Türkçe | ❌ Sık yapılan hata | ✅ İngilizce |
|---|---|---|
| Bilseydim sana söylerdim. | If I knew, I would tell you. | If I had known, I would have told you. |
| Erken çıksaydık treni kaçırmazdık. | If we left early, we didn't miss the train. | If we had left early, we wouldn't have missed the train. |
| Senin yardımın olmasaydı başaramazdım. | Without your help I couldn't succeed. | If it hadn't been for your help, I couldn't have succeeded. |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
IfverbI had studiedadverbharder,subjectIverbwould have passedobjectthe exam.
↳ Pişmanlık — yeterince çalışmadım: hayalî geçmiş.
Ifverbyou had listened,subjectthisverbwouldn't have happened.
↳ Eleştiri — dinlemedin, bu yüzden bu oldu.
subjectWould youverbhave comeifverbI had invitedyou?
↳ Üçüncü tip koşul sorusu — hayalî geçmiş.
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
If I knew, I would have gone.
→
If I had known, I would have gone.
If cümleciğinde Past Perfect: had known.
If I had study, I would have passed.
→
If I had studied, I would have passed.
"Had" sözcüğünden sonra fiilin 3. hâli gerekir: studied.
If I would have known, I'd have told you.
→
If I had known, I'd have told you.
If cümleciğinde asla "would have" kullanılmaz.
If she left earlier, she would have arrived.
→
If she had left earlier, she would have arrived.
If cümleciğinde Past Perfect: had left.
If you listened, this not happened.
→
If you had listened, this wouldn't have happened.
Past Perfect + wouldn't have + fiilin 3. hâli.
If I knew about the party, I would come. (last week)
→
If I had known about the party, I would have come.
Geçmişteki durum → üçüncü tip koşul.
If it wasn't for you, I would have failed.
→
If it hadn't been for you, I would have failed.
Geçmiş → If it hadn't been for...