Ana Sayfa · B1 Intermediate · Ünite 09
Ünite 09
Passive Voice
be + fiilin 3. hâli
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Edilgen çatı (be + 3. hâl) eylemi yapana değil, eylemin kendisine odaklanır: The cake was eaten = "Pasta yendi". Kimin yaptığı önemsiz veya bilinmiyorsa kullanılır.
Etken ve Edilgen
Etken (active) bir cümlede özne eylemi yapar. Edilgen (passive) bir cümlede ise özne eylemden etkilenir. Edilgen yapı, eylemi kimin yaptığından çok ne olduğuna odaklanmak istendiğinde kullanılır.
| Etken (eylemi yapana odaklanır) | Edilgen (eyleme/sonuca odaklanır) |
|---|---|
| The chef cooked the meal. | The meal was cooked by the chef. |
| They speak English here. | English is spoken here. |
| Someone stole my phone. | My phone was stolen. |
Formül
Özne + be (uygun zamanda) + fiilin 3. hâli (+ by + eylemi yapan)
Zamanı be fiili taşır. Fiilin 3. hâli asla değişmez.
Zamanlara Göre Edilgen Biçimler
| Zaman | Etken | Edilgen |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They clean the rooms. | The rooms are cleaned every day. |
| Past Simple | She wrote the report. | The report was written by her. |
| Present Continuous | They are building a road. | A road is being built. |
| Past Continuous | They were repairing the bridge. | The bridge was being repaired. |
| Present Perfect | They have announced the results. | The results have been announced. |
| Past Perfect | They had finished the work. | The work had been finished. |
| Future Simple | They will open the shop. | The shop will be opened. |
| Going To | They are going to build a park. | A park is going to be built. |
| Kip | You must do it. | It must be done. |
Edilgen Yapı Ne Zaman Kullanılır?
| Kullanım | Açıklama | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Eylemi yapan bilinmiyor | Kimin yaptığını bilmiyoruz | My car was stolen last night. |
| Eylemi yapan önemli değil | Kimin yaptığı önemli değil | The windows are cleaned every week. |
| Resmî / akademik üslup | Nesnel, kişisel olmayan bir anlatım | The samples were tested in the lab. |
| Sorumluluktan kaçınma | Diplomatik — kimseyi suçlamadan | A mistake was made. |
| Sonuca odaklanma | Kimin yaptığını değil, neyin yapıldığını vurgular | The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. |
By + Eylemi Yapan
By + eylemi yapan yalnızca eylemi kimin yaptığını belirtmek önemli olduğunda kullanılır.
- The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. ← eylemi yapan önemlidir (ünlü bir sanatçı)
- My wallet was stolen. ← eylemi yapan belirtilmemiş (kim olduğunu bilmiyoruz)
- The road is being repaired. ← eylemi yapan belirtilmemiş (bellidir — yol işçileri)
- English is spoken all over the world. ← eylemi yapan belirtilmemiş (çok genel)
Edilgen Yapıda Kipler
| Kip | Etken | Edilgen |
|---|---|---|
| can | They can fix the car. | The car can be fixed. |
| must | You must complete the form. | The form must be completed. |
| should | Someone should help him. | He should be helped. |
| may / might | They may cancel the meeting. | The meeting may be cancelled. |
Edilgen Yapıda Olumsuz ve Soru Cümleleri
| Zaman | Olumsuz | Soru |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | It isn't made in China. | Is it made in China? |
| Past Simple | The letter wasn't sent. | When was the letter sent? |
| Present Perfect | It hasn't been fixed yet. | Has it been fixed? |
| Gelecek zaman | It won't be finished today. | Will it be finished today? |
İki Nesne Alan Fiiller
Give, send, show, tell, offer, teach gibi fiiller iki nesne alır. Bunlardan herhangi biri özne olabilir; ancak kişinin özne olduğu kullanım daha yaygındır:
| Etken | Edilgen (önce kişi — yaygın) | Edilgen (önce şey) |
|---|---|---|
| They gave me a prize. | I was given a prize. | A prize was given to me. |
| They offered her the job. | She was offered the job. | The job was offered to her. |
Türkçedeki "-ıl / -ın" → be + fiilin 3. hâli
| Türkçe | ❌ Sık yapılan hata | ✅ İngilizce |
|---|---|---|
| Bu köprü 1973'te yapıldı. | This bridge built in 1973. | This bridge was built in 1973. |
| 1998'de doğdum. | I born in 1998. | I was born in 1998. |
| Bana bir burs teklif edildi. | To me was offered a scholarship. | I was offered a scholarship. |
| Burada İngilizce konuşulur mu? | Is speaking English here? | Is English spoken here? |
| Toplantı iptal edildi. | The meeting cancelled. | The meeting was cancelled. |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
subjectThe reportverbwas writtenprepositionbyobjectthe manager.
↳ Past Simple edilgen — eylemi yapan belirtilmiş (önemli).
subjectA new hospitalverbis being builtprepositionin the city.
↳ Present Continuous edilgen — eylemi yapan belirtilmemiş (belli).
subjectThe resultsverbwill be announcedadverbtomorrow.
↳ Future Simple edilgen — sonuca odaklanma.
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
The car repaired yesterday.
→
The car was repaired yesterday.
Edilgen yapıda her zaman "be" fiili gerekir: was repaired.
The homework is doing by me.
→
The homework is done by me.
-ing biçimi değil fiilin 3. hâli kullanılır: is done.
It is built by last year.
→
It was built last year.
Geçmişte tamamlanmış bir eylem için geçmiş zaman biçimi "was built" kullanılır.
People is invited to the party.
→
People are invited to the party.
"People" çoğuldur → are invited.
The door was open by him.
→
The door was opened by him.
"Open" fiilinin 3. hâli = opened.
I born in Ankara.
→
I was born in Ankara.
"Be born" her zaman edilgendir.
To me was given a gift.
→
I was given a gift.
Kişi özne yapılır.
Was the email sended?
→
Was the email sent?
"Send" fiilinin 3. hâli = sent.