Ana Sayfa · C1 Advanced · Ünite 05
Ünite 05
Passive Voice (Full System)
tüm biçimler, basitten ileriye
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Edilgen çatının tüm zamanlardaki tam sistemi: geniş zamandan modal edilgenlere, iki nesneli yapılara kadar eksiksiz referans.
Edilgen Yapının Tamamı
Edilgen yapı (passive voice), eylemi kimin yaptığından çok eylemin kendisine ya da sonucuna odaklanır. Bu ünite, Present Simple'dan kipli edilgenlere kadar bütün zaman sistemini eksiksiz bir başvuru kaynağı olarak sunar. Temel formül: özne + be + fiilin 3. hâli (+ by + eylemi yapan).
Etken: The chef cooked the meal. → Edilgen: The meal was cooked by the chef.
Bütün Zamanlarda Edilgen Yapı
| Zaman | Etken | Edilgen |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | writes | is / are + pp |
| Past Simple | wrote | was / were + pp |
| Present Continuous | is writing | is / are being + pp |
| Past Continuous | was writing | was / were being + pp |
| Present Perfect | has written | has / have been + pp |
| Past Perfect | had written | had been + pp |
| Future Simple | will write | will be + pp |
| Going To | is going to write | is going to be + pp |
| Kipler | must / can / should write | must / can / should be + pp |
Edilgen Yapı Ne Zaman Kullanılır?
| Kullanım | Açıklama | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Eyleme odaklanma | eylemi yapan bilinmiyor/önemli değil | My phone was stolen. |
| Resmî/akademik | nesnel ton | The results were analysed carefully. |
| Diplomatik | suçlamaktan kaçınma | A mistake was made. |
| Resmî raporlar | kişisel olmayan üslup | The samples were tested in the lab. |
Eylemi Yapan — "By + Birisi"
By + eylemi yapan yalnızca eylemi kimin yaptığını söylemek önemli olduğunda kullanılır.
- ✅ Korunur: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
- ❌ Kullanılmaz (belli): The thief was arrested (by the police).
- ❌ Kullanılmaz (önemsiz): English is spoken all over the world.
- ❌ Kullanılmaz (bilinmiyor): The car was stolen last night.
İki Nesneli Edilgen Yapı
Bir fiil iki nesne aldığında bunlardan herhangi biri edilgen yapının öznesi olabilir.
| Etken | Edilgen seçenekler |
|---|---|
| The teacher gave the students homework. | The students were given homework. |
| Homework was given to the students. | |
| Someone gave me a gift. | I was given a gift. / A gift was given to me. |
Edilgen Yapıda Kipler
| Kip | Etken | Edilgen |
|---|---|---|
| must | You must do it. | It must be done. |
| can | They can repair the car. | The car can be repaired. |
| should | Someone should help you. | You should be helped. |
| may | They may open a store. | A store may be opened. |
C1 Ayrıntıları: Edilgen Yapılamayan Fiiller ve Algı Fiillerinden Sonra "To"
| Konu | ✅ Örnek | ❌ Yanlış |
|---|---|---|
| Geçişsiz fiillerin edilgeni yoktur | The plane arrived late. · The accident happened at night. | The plane was arrived. · It was happened. |
| Bazı durum fiilleri nadiren edilgen yapılır | She resembles her mother. · This dress suits you. | Her mother is resembled by her. |
| Ergatif fiiller: aynı biçim, "be" kullanılmaz | The door opened. · Sales increased. (eylemi yapan yok) | The door was opened by itself. |
| see / hear / make + nesne + yalın fiil → edilgen yapıda to gerekir | He was seen to leave. · We were made to wait. | He was seen leave. |
| Orta çatı (özne kendisi "eylemde bulunuyormuş" gibi) | This book sells well. · The shirt washes easily. | This book is sold well. (farklı anlam) |
Türkçeden Kaynaklanan Edilgen Tuzakları
Türkçede neredeyse her fiil, geçişsiz olanlar bile, edilgen yapılabilir (Gidildi, Olundu). İngilizcede ise bu mümkün değildir:
| Türkçe | ❌ Sık yapılan hata | ✅ İngilizce |
|---|---|---|
| Kaza dün gece oldu. | The accident was happened last night. | The accident happened last night. |
| Toplantıya gidildi. | It was gone to the meeting. | People went / We went to the meeting. |
| Fiyatlar arttı. | Prices were increased. (kimse artırmadıysa yanlış) | Prices increased / rose. |
| Odadan çıkarken görüldü. | He was seen leave the room. | He was seen to leave / leaving the room. |
| Saatlerce bekletildik. | We were waited for hours. | We were kept waiting / were made to wait for hours. |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
subjectA new hospitalverbis being builtprepositionin the city.
↳ Present Continuous edilgen: is being + fiilin 3. hâli.
subjectThe studentsverbwere givenobjecthomework.
↳ İki nesneli edilgen — kişi özne olur.
subjectItauxiliarymust beverbdoneadverbtoday.
↳ Kipli edilgen: kip + be + fiilin 3. hâli.
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
It is built by last year.
→
It was built last year.
Yanlış zaman — geçmişteki olay için "was built" gerekir.
The car repaired yesterday.
→
The car was repaired yesterday.
"Be" eksik: was repaired.
The homework is doing by me.
→
The homework is done by me.
Fiilin 3. hâli kullanılır: done.
The door was open by him.
→
The door was opened by him.
Fiil biçimi: opened (burada open bir sıfattır).
People is invited.
→
People are invited.
Çoğul özne → are.
The meeting was happened yesterday.
→
The meeting happened / took place yesterday.
Geçişsiz fiillerin edilgeni yoktur.
She was heard sing.
→
She was heard to sing / singing.
Algı fiilinin edilgeni → to + fiil ya da -ing.