Ana Sayfa · B2 Upper-Intermediate · Ünite 15
Ünite 15
Advanced Connectors
whereas, nevertheless, in spite of
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
İleri bağlaçlar fikirleri ustalıkla bağlar: whereas (oysa), nevertheless (yine de), in spite of/despite (-e rağmen), provided that (şartıyla).
Bağlaçlar Neden Önemlidir?
Bağlaçlar ve bağlayıcı ifadeler (connectors / linking devices) düşünceleri birleştirir, aralarındaki ilişkiyi gösterir ve yazının mantıklı bir akışla ilerlemesini sağlar. Akademik denemelerde, resmî mektuplarda, raporlarda ve konuşmalarda vazgeçilmezdir.
Bağlaç Türleri Bir Bakışta
| İşlev | Başlıca bağlaçlar | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Karşıtlık | although, though, even though, whereas, while, however, nevertheless | Although it was cold, they went swimming. |
| Kabul (tavizli karşıtlık) | in spite of, despite | Despite working hard, he failed. |
| Neden | because, since, as, due to, owing to, because of | The game was canceled due to the weather. |
| Sonuç | so, therefore, consequently, as a result, thus | He didn't study; therefore, he failed. |
| Koşul | if, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that | You can join provided that you're qualified. |
| Amaç | so that, in order to, for the purpose of | She left early in order to catch the train. |
| Ekleme | moreover, furthermore, in addition, what's more | Furthermore, the results were surprising. |
Karşıtlık Bağlaçları — Ayrıntılı
- ⚠ "Although" ve "but" asla birlikte kullanılmaz: ❌ Although but he was tired → ✅ Although he was tired
- ⚠ "Despite" sözcüğünden sonra "of" kullanılmaz: ❌ Despite of the rain → ✅ Despite the rain
| Bağlaç | Ardından gelen | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| although / even though | tam cümlecik | Although it was late, they continued. |
| in spite of / despite | isim ya da -ing | Despite working hard, he failed. |
| whereas / while | tam cümlecik (iki şey arasındaki karşıtlık) | She likes tea, whereas I prefer coffee. |
| however / nevertheless | yeni cümleciğin başında | He failed; however, he tried again. |
Cümlecik Alan ve İsim Alan Neden Bağlaçları
| Cümlecikten önce | İsim / -ing'den önce |
|---|---|
| because, since, as | due to, owing to, because of |
| Because it rained, the match was postponed. | The match was postponed due to the rain. |
| Since she was ill, she stayed home. | Because of her illness, she stayed home. |
Koşul ve Amaç
| İşlev | Bağlaç | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Koşul | unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that | You can enter on condition that you have a ticket. |
| Amaç | in order to (formal), so that + clause | She spoke slowly so that everyone could understand. |
Denemelerde Sıralama ve Bağdaşıklık
| Aşama | Bağlaçlar |
|---|---|
| Giriş | Firstly, To begin with, Initially |
| Görüş ekleme | Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, What's more |
| Karşıtlık kurma | However, On the other hand, In contrast, Nevertheless |
| Örnekleme | For example, For instance, Such as |
| Sonuçlandırma | In conclusion, To sum up, Overall, All in all |
Dikkat Gerektiren Çiftler
| Çift | Fark | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| even though / even if | even though = durum gerçekten DOĞRUDUR · even if = doğru olsa da olmasa da | Even though it's raining, we'll go. · Even if it rains, we'll go. |
| in case / if | in case = önlem · if = koşul | Take a map in case you get lost. |
| on the other hand / on the contrary | tartışmanın öteki yönü / tam tersi doğrudur | It's cheap. On the other hand, it's slow. · "Is it boring?" "On the contrary, it's fascinating." |
| so as to / so as not to | resmî amaç (+ fiilin yalın hâli) | He left early so as not to miss the train. |
| though (cümle sonunda) | gündelik dilde "however" | The hotel was great. The food was terrible, though. |
Türkçedeki "-masına rağmen / oysa / aksine"
| Türkçe | ✅ İngilizce | ❌ Sık yapılan hata |
|---|---|---|
| Çok çalışmasına rağmen başaramadı. | Although he worked hard / Despite working hard, he failed. | Despite he worked hard... |
| Ben çay severim, oysa o kahve sever. | I like tea, whereas she likes coffee. | I like tea, however she likes coffee. |
| Sıkıcı değildi, aksine çok ilginçti. | It wasn't boring. On the contrary, it was fascinating. | On the other hand, it was fascinating. |
| Treni kaçırmamak için erken çıktı. | He left early so as not to miss the train. | He left early for not missing the train. |
| Yağmur yağsa bile gideceğiz. | We'll go even if it rains. | We'll go even though it rains. |
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
Despite he was tired.
→
Despite being tired. / Although he was tired.
"Despite" sözcüğünden sonra tam bir cümlecik değil, isim ya da -ing gelir.
Because of he was late.
→
Because he was late. / Due to his lateness.
"Because of" sözcüklerinden sonra cümlecik değil, isim gelir.
In spite he tried.
→
In spite of trying.
"In spite" her zaman "of" gerektirir: in spite of.
Although but he was tired.
→
Although he was tired.
"Although" ve "but" asla birlikte kullanılmaz.
However he studied hard, he failed.
→
He studied hard; however, he failed.
"However" ikinci cümleciğin başında, noktalı virgül ya da virgülle kullanılır.
We'll go even though it rains tomorrow.
→
We'll go even if it rains tomorrow.
Henüz bilinmiyor → even if.
He left early for not missing the train.
→
He left early so as not to / in order not to miss the train.
Olumsuz amaç → so as not to.