Ana Sayfa · C1 Advanced · Ünite 08
Ünite 08
Advanced Conditionals
karışık türler ve devrik yapı
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
İleri koşullar: karışık zaman birleşimleri, devrik (if'siz) biçimler (Had I known...) ve unless, provided that, but for, were to gibi alternatifler.
Dört Temel Koşul Cümlesinin Ötesinde
C1 düzeyinde koşul cümleleri esnek biçimde kullanılır: karma zaman göndermeleri, devrik ("if" kullanılmayan) biçimler ve unless, provided that, supposing, as long as gibi "if" yerine kullanılan ifadeler. Amaç, zaman ve olasılık konusunda kesinlik sağlamaktır.
Karma Koşul Cümleleri (Mixed Conditionals)
Neden ve sonuç farklı zamanlara ait olduğunda, farklı zamanlardaki cümlecikler birleştirilir.
| Tür | If cümleciği | Sonuç | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geçmiş → Şimdi | Past Perfect | would + fiilin yalın hâli | If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. |
| Şimdi → Geçmiş | Past Simple | would have + fiilin 3. hâli | If I were more organised, I would have finished on time. |
| Geçmiş → Gelecek | Past Perfect | would + fiilin yalın hâli (gelecek) | If they had saved money, they would travel next year. |
Devrik Koşul Cümleleri (Resmî, "if" atılır)
- Devrik yapı, koşul cümlelerini daha resmî ve vurgulu kılar; yazı dilinde ve özenli konuşmada yaygındır.
| Standart | Devrik |
|---|---|
| If I had known... | Had I known, I would have helped. |
| If I were you... | Were I you, I would apologise. |
| If you should need help... | Should you need help, call me. |
| If it had not been for... | Had it not been for your help, I would have failed. |
"If" Yerine Kullanılan İfadeler
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| unless | if not (-medikçe) | You'll fail unless you work harder. |
| provided/providing (that) | yalnızca ... koşuluyla | You can go provided that you finish first. |
| as/so long as | on condition that (… koşuluyla) | I'll help as long as you ask nicely. |
| supposing / suppose | imagine if (diyelim ki) | Supposing you lost your job, what would you do? |
| even if | regardless (ne olursa olsun) | Even if it rains, we'll go. |
| but for + noun | without (… olmasaydı) | But for your help, I would have failed. |
Diğer İleri Düzey Kalıplar
- If it were not for / If it had not been for + isim → bağımlılık bildirir: If it weren't for coffee, I couldn't function.
- Varsayımsal gelecek için were to: If the company were to collapse, thousands would lose their jobs.
- Kiplerle karma kullanım: If you had left earlier, you might be there by now.
- Örtük koşul cümleleri: I would have called, but I lost your number. (= kaybetmeseydim)
Daha Resmî Koşul İfadeleri
| İfade | Örnek | Not |
|---|---|---|
| if ... should / happen to | If you happen to see Ali, say hi. | daha düşük olasılık, kibar |
| if so / if not (öyleyse / değilse) | Are you free? If so, call me. If not, no problem. | bütün bir cümleciğin yerine geçer |
| assuming (that) | Assuming the train is on time, we'll arrive at 6. | doğru olarak kabul ederiz |
| in the event of + isim / in the event that | In the event of fire, use the stairs. | resmî, duyurular |
| otherwise / or else | Leave now, otherwise you'll be late. | if not (-medikçe) |
| if anything / if ever | It's not worse — if anything, it's better. · I rarely, if ever, eat meat. | deyimsel |
Türkçedeki Resmî Koşul İfadeleri
| Türkçe | ✅ İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Yangın durumunda merdivenleri kullanın. | In the event of fire, use the stairs. |
| Trenin zamanında geldiğini varsayarsak... | Assuming the train arrives on time, ... |
| Bir şeye ihtiyacınız olursa (resmî) | Should you require anything, ... |
| Şirket kapanacak olsa... | Were the company to close, ... |
| Siz olmasaydınız başaramazdık. | Had it not been for you, we wouldn't have succeeded. |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
subjectIf Iverbhad takenobjectthe job,verbI'd beadverbrich now.
↳ Karma koşul: geçmişteki koşul → şimdiki sonuç.
auxiliaryHadverbit not beenfor you,I would have failed.
↳ Bağımlılık bildiren devrik koşul cümlesi.
auxiliaryShouldsubjectyouverbchangeobjectyour mind,let me know.
↳ Devrik birinci tip koşul (resmî).
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
If I would have known, I would have come.
→
If I had known, I would have come.
If cümleciğinde "would" kullanılmaz — Past Perfect kullanılır.
Unless you don't hurry, you'll be late.
→
Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
"Unless" zaten "if not" anlamındadır — çift olumsuzluk yapılmaz.
Had I have known, I would have helped.
→
Had I known, I would have helped.
Devrik üçüncü tip: Had + özne + fiilin 3. hâli (fazladan "have" yok).
If I had studied, I would be a doctor — yesterday.
→
If I had studied, I would be a doctor now.
Karma koşulun sonucu geçmişe değil, şimdiye (now) gönderme yapar.
Provided that you will finish, you can leave.
→
Provided that you finish, you can leave.
Provided that ifadesinden sonra "will" kullanılmaz — şimdiki zaman kullanılır.
In the event of it rains, the match is cancelled.
→
In the event of rain / In the event that it rains, ...
in the event of + isim; in the event that + cümlecik.
Were I would know, I would tell you.
→
Were I to know / If I knew, I would tell you.
Devrik yapı: Were + özne + to-mastar.