Ana Sayfa · B2 Upper-Intermediate · Ünite 12
Ünite 12
Nominalisation
fiil yerine isim kullanımı
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Adlaştırma; fiil veya sıfatı isme çevirerek daha resmî bir üslup yaratır: decide → decision, strong → strength. Akademik yazımın temel özelliğidir.
İsimleştirme Nedir?
İsimleştirme (nominalisation), daha resmî ve kişisel olmayan bir üslup oluşturmak için bir fiili ya da sıfatı isme dönüştürmektir. Akademik, hukuki ve iş İngilizcesinde yaygındır.
We decided to postpone the event. → The decision to postpone the event was made.
Fiil → İsim Dönüşümleri
| Fiil | İsim | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| decide | decision | A decision was made to expand. |
| fail | failure | The plan ended in failure. |
| improve | improvement | There was a major improvement. |
| develop | development | A development was noted. |
| analyse | analysis | A detailed analysis was conducted. |
| achieve | achievement | Her promotion was a great achievement. |
| investigate | investigation | An investigation was launched. |
| agree | agreement | They reached an agreement. |
| grow | growth | There was steady growth in profits. |
Sıfat → İsim Dönüşümleri
| Sıfat | İsim | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| strong | strength | Her strength impressed everyone. |
| important | importance | The importance of education is clear. |
| possible | possibility | There's a possibility of rain. |
| efficient | efficiency | The team's efficiency was praised. |
| responsible | responsibility | He took responsibility for the error. |
| accurate | accuracy | The accuracy of results was verified. |
Gündelik ve Resmî Üslup — Karşılaştırma
| Gündelik (fiile dayalı) | Resmî (isimleştirilmiş) |
|---|---|
| We decided to close the branch. | A decision was made to close the branch. |
| They investigated the cause. | An investigation of the cause was carried out. |
| We improved our sales. | There was a marked improvement in sales. |
| The company failed to deliver. | The company's failure to deliver was noted. |
| They grew rapidly. | The company experienced rapid growth. |
Neden İsimleştirme Yapılır?
- Akademik yazıda isimleştirme, kişi zamirlerinden (I, we, you) kaçınmayı sağlar ve kişiler yerine kavramlara odaklanır.
- We concluded that training improved results. → The conclusion was that training improved performance.
| Özellik | Fiile dayalı (gündelik) | İsimleştirilmiş (resmî) |
|---|---|---|
| Odak | Kişiler / eylemler | Düşünceler / sonuçlar |
| Ton | Kişisel | Kişisel olmayan ve nesnel |
| Kullanım | Günlük konuşma | Akademik / iş yazışmaları |
Sık Kullanılan İsim Sonekleri
| Sonek | Örnekler |
|---|---|
| -tion / -sion | decide → decision, reduce → reduction, expand → expansion |
| -ment | improve → improvement, require → requirement |
| -ance / -ence | perform → performance, depend → dependence, exist → existence |
| -ity | possible → possibility, available → availability, complex → complexity |
| -al / -ure | arrive → arrival, refuse → refusal, fail → failure, press → pressure |
| -ness / -th | aware → awareness, weak → weakness, grow → growth, deep → depth |
Fiil + İsim Eşdizimleri
İsimleştirilmiş sözcükler doğru fiil eşiyle kullanılmalıdır:
| Eşdizim | Örnek |
|---|---|
| make a decision / an improvement / progress | The board made a decision. |
| carry out / conduct an investigation / analysis / survey | Researchers conducted a survey. |
| reach an agreement / a conclusion | Both sides reached an agreement. |
| have / make an impact on | The policy had an impact on prices. |
| take responsibility / action | The government must take action. |
| ⚠ Aşırıya kaçmayın | Çok fazla isim kullanmak yazıyı ağırlaştırır. İsimleştirme, anlatımın netliğine katkı sağladığı yerlerde kullanılmalıdır. |
Türkçedeki "-me / -ma / -ış" → İngilizce İsimler
Türkçede isimleştirme -me, -ma, -ış, -iş ekleriyle yapılır. İngilizcede ise her fiilin kendine özgü bir isim biçimi vardır; bunlar öğrenilmeli, resmî yazıda her yerde "-ing" eklenmemelidir:
| Türkçe | ✅ İngilizce (resmî) | ❌ Zayıf |
|---|---|---|
| fiyatların artması | the increase in prices | the increasing of prices |
| toplantının ertelenmesi | the postponement of the meeting | the postponing of the meeting |
| projenin başarısız olması | the failure of the project | the failing of the project |
| kararın açıklanması | the announcement of the decision | the announcing of the decision |
| araştırma yapmak | carry out research | make research |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
subjectThe decisionverbto postponeobjectthe eventverbwas unanimous.
↳ İsimleştirilmiş: "decided" → "the decision to".
subjectA detailed analysisobjectof the dataverbwas conducted.
↳ İsimleştirilmiş: "we analysed" → "an analysis of".
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
The decide to leave was sudden.
→
The decision to leave was sudden.
İsim biçimi kullanılır: decide değil decision.
There was a improve in quality.
→
There was an improvement in quality.
İsim biçimi gerekir: improvement.
We saw a grow in sales.
→
We saw growth in sales. / We saw an increase in sales.
İsim biçimi: growth (genellikle sayılamaz).
The fail of the plan was unexpected.
→
The failure of the plan was unexpected.
İsim biçimi: fail değil failure.
They made a develop in design.
→
There was a new development in design.
İsim biçimi: development.
The scientists made an investigation.
→
The scientists carried out / conducted an investigation.
Eşdizim: carry out / conduct an investigation.
We made a research on this topic.
→
We carried out research on this topic.
"Research" sayılamayan bir isimdir; eşdizim: carry out / do research.