Ana Sayfa · C1 Advanced · Ünite 09
Ünite 09
Collocations & Word Patterns
doğal ileri düzey birleşimler
🇹🇷 Türkçe Özet
Eşdizimler; doğal olarak birlikte kullanılan kelimeler. make a decision (do değil), heavy rain (strong değil), deeply concerned. Akıcılığın anahtarıdır.
C1 Düzeyinde Eşdizimlerin Önemi
Eşdizim (collocation), doğal olarak birlikte kullanılan sözcük çifti ya da grubudur. Dilbilgisi kusursuz olsa bile yanlış sözcük ortağı kulağa doğal gelmez. C1 düzeyinde akıcılık bu birleşimlerin bilinmesine bağlıdır: make a decision ("do a decision" değil), heavy rain ("strong rain" değil), deeply concerned ("strongly concerned" değil).
Fiil + İsim Eşdizimleri
| Fiil | Birlikte kullanıldığı sözcükler | Kullanılmaz |
|---|---|---|
| make | a decision, a mistake, progress, an effort, a profit | do a decision |
| do | homework, business, research, harm, a favour | make homework |
| take | a risk, responsibility, a break, action, notes | make a risk |
| have | an effect, an impact, a chat, an argument | do an effect |
| pay | attention, a compliment, a visit, respect | give attention |
| give | a speech, advice, a hand, priority | make a speech (rare) |
Sıfat + İsim Eşdizimleri
| Sıfat | Birlikte kullanıldığı sözcükler | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| heavy | rain, traffic, smoker, workload | Heavy traffic delayed us. |
| strong | coffee, opinion, accent, possibility | She has a strong accent. |
| deep | sleep, trouble, knowledge, breath | He fell into a deep sleep. |
| high | expectations, standards, pressure, demand | They set high standards. |
| bitterly | disappointed, cold | I was bitterly disappointed. |
Zarf + Sıfat Eşdizimleri (Pekiştiriciler)
| Pekiştirici | Birlikte kullanıldığı sözcükler | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| deeply | concerned, grateful, moved, religious | Deeply grateful for your help. |
| highly | likely, recommended, qualified, unlikely | A highly recommended book. |
| fully | aware, booked, understand, recovered | I'm fully aware of the risks. |
| utterly | ridiculous, exhausted, impossible | The plan was utterly ridiculous. |
| perfectly | clear, normal, capable, fine | It's perfectly clear. |
Fiil + Edat Kalıpları
| Kalıp | Örnek |
|---|---|
| depend on | It depends on the weather. |
| consist of | The team consists of five people. |
| result in / from | The error resulted in delays. |
| cope with | She copes with stress well. |
| account for | This accounts for the difference. |
| refrain from | Please refrain from smoking. |
Yaygın Kalıp İfadeler
- bear in mind — hatırlamak / göz önünde bulundurmak: Bear in mind that prices may change.
- take into account — hesaba katmak: We must take costs into account.
- come to a conclusion / an agreement: They came to an agreement.
- make up your mind — karar vermek: I can't make up my mind.
- play a role / part: Luck played a major role.
Sıfat + Edat ve İsim + Of
| Kalıp | Örnekler |
|---|---|
| sıfat + of | aware of, capable of, fond of, proud of, short of |
| sıfat + for / to | responsible for, famous for, eligible for · similar to, sensitive to, committed to |
| sıfat + on / in / with | keen on, dependent on · interested in, involved in · familiar with, satisfied with |
| isim + of | a sense of humour, a means of transport, a lack of time, a wealth of experience, the root of the problem |
| isim + on / to / for | an impact on, an effect on · a solution to, the key to · a demand for, a reason for |
Türkçeden Birebir Çevrilen Eşdizimler
Türkçeden sözcüğü sözcüğüne yapılan çeviri pek çok yanlış eşdizime yol açar. En yaygın olanları şunlardır:
| Türkçe | ❌ Birebir çeviri | ✅ İngilizce |
|---|---|---|
| araştırma yapmak | make research | do / carry out research |
| spor yapmak | make sport | do sport / exercise |
| yalan söylemek | say a lie | tell a lie |
| ışığı açmak / televizyonu kapatmak | open the light / close the TV | turn on the light / turn off the TV |
| fotoğraf çekmek | pull a photo | take a photo |
| sınava girmek | enter an exam | take / sit an exam |
| ders çalışmak | work lesson | study / revise |
| karar almak | get a decision | make / take a decision |
Açıklamalı Örnekler
Özne
Fiil
Yardımcı fiil
Nesne
Sıfat
Zarf
Edat
Sözcüğün cümledeki görevini görmek için üzerine gelin.
We need toverbmakeobjecta decisionadverbsoon.
↳ make a decision — "do a decision" değil.
subjectI amadverbdeeplyadjectivegratefulfor your help.
↳ deeply grateful — doğal bir zarf + sıfat çiftidir.
subjectSuccessverbdepends onobjecthard work.
↳ depend on — kalıplaşmış fiil + edat.
Sık Yapılan Hatalar
I did a big mistake.
→
I made a big mistake.
Eşdizim: make a mistake.
There was strong rain.
→
There was heavy rain.
Eşdizim: heavy rain (strong değil).
She is strongly concerned.
→
She is deeply concerned.
Eşdizim: deeply concerned.
It depends of the weather.
→
It depends on the weather.
depend + on ("of" değil).
She gave attention to every detail.
→
She paid attention to every detail.
Eşdizim: pay attention (to).
Can you open the light?
→
Can you turn on the light?
Işıklar ve cihazlar → turn on / off.
She is responsible of the team.
→
She is responsible for the team.
responsible for = -den sorumlu.