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Unit 08
YÖKDİL Social Sciences: Vocabulary, Reading & Practice
sociology, economics, education and history texts
Key Academic Vocabulary
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| inequality | an unfair difference in wealth, opportunity or status between groups | Income inequality has grown in many countries. |
| legitimacy | the quality of being accepted as fair, lawful or rightful | The election gave the new government legitimacy. |
| ideology | a set of ideas on which a political or economic system is based | Nationalism was the dominant ideology of the period. |
| cohesion | the state of a group being united and working together | Shared values strengthen social cohesion. |
| stratification | the division of society into layers or classes | Education can reduce social stratification. |
| assimilation | the process by which a group adopts the culture of another | Assimilation was faster among second-generation migrants. |
| consensus | general agreement among a group | There is no consensus among historians on the cause. |
| sovereignty | the full power of a state to govern itself | The treaty recognised the sovereignty of the new state. |
| urbanisation | the movement of population from rural to urban areas | Rapid urbanisation created housing shortages. |
| welfare | help given by the state to people in need; well-being | Welfare spending rose during the recession. |
| marginalise | treat a person or group as unimportant and powerless | Policies that marginalise minorities increase tension. |
| empirical | based on observation or experiment rather than theory | The theory lacks empirical support. |
| prevalent | widespread in a particular area or time | Such beliefs were prevalent in rural areas. |
| undermine | gradually weaken something | Corruption undermines trust in institutions. |
| perpetuate | make something, usually bad, continue | Stereotypes perpetuate discrimination. |
| mobility | the ability to move between social classes or places | Education increases social mobility. |
| norm | a standard of behaviour accepted in a society | Social norms differ from one culture to another. |
| disparity | a large difference between things or groups | There is a disparity between urban and rural incomes. |
| enact | make a proposal into law | Parliament enacted the reform in 1924. |
| subsequent | coming after something in time | Subsequent studies confirmed the findings. |